At the very least you should get movements in for all the major body parts in your body. This means:
Military presses
Bench presses
Bent over rows
Deadlifts
Squats
(add some ab work and rotator cuff work as well)
I realize these are dangerous exercises and you should put down time to learn the correct form. Have a PT instruct you on how to perform these exercises.
In general though (a few points on the exercises)
Squats:
Preparing for the lift
* Place your feet about shoulder width with feet pointing outward slightly
* Place the bar just below your shoulder and press your shoulder blades together as much as you can and grip the bar with as narrow grip as you can having your elbows pointing slightly backwards
* If you have shoes with soft heels then remove them and squat in socks. Having a solid foot placement is VERY important for safety and strength reasons.
Lifting
* Inhale and flex your core (abdominals, glutes and lower back)
* Make sure your arc your back during the entire movement
* Look slightly downward while you perform the lift to keep your back straight.
* Keep the weight around the middle or the back of the foot, NEVER on the toes. I repeat, keep the weight on the back of the foot, never on the toes.
* Knees should NEVER be in front of toes, do not go deeper than you can handle. Your back should be arced and knees pointing slightly outwards the whole time.
Lifting back up
* Make sure you drive with your leg and do not lift with your back. Keep the arch of the back. It is not a squat if you good morning the weight up.
* Keep the pressure in the core at all times.
* When you get up you can exhale
I wish I could video tape me squatting so you could see a proper squat but keep this in mind and you should save yourself some trouble. Nvm, found a good article about it.
http://stronglifts.com/how-to-squat-with-proper-technique-fix-common-problems/
Deadlift
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8u899wRnwqs
Must watch!!
Bench presses
Some general tips:
*Squeeze your shoulder blades together so your delts are pushed backwards. Whenever you lift you should NEVER let your deltoids move upwards. This put a lot of pressure on the rotator cuffs and that is bad. By pushing the deltoids back you involve the correct muscles more.
* Do not have a too wide grip. Elbows flared out is bad form for bench presses, you should have your elbows turned slightly inwards when you bench press to save pressure on the rotator cuffs. A good width might be to hold the bar one fist length wider than shoulder width.
* Place your feet firmly on the floor, it helps stabilize and move more weight
* Inhale and flex your core as you perform the lift.
* Do not lock your elbows at the top. It put a lot of strain on your joints.
Military presses
* Squeeze, glutes and core while you lift the weight. Chest should be pointing forward
* Push your shoulder blades together and keep them tight. THis locks the delts and makes it safer to push the weight.
* Inhale and push the weight upwards. Grip should be a bit wider than shoulder width. Feet should be placed in about shoulder width or heels touching if you like that more.
* Tilt your head slightly forward during the lift to minimize leaning backwards and cheat.
Come to think of it it is pretty hard to describe how to perform them but get the form down first by having instructor or PT showing how to perform the lifts. This is crucial if you want to stay injury free. Most gym trainees are walking injuries waiting to happen. Take injury prevention seriously and you will progress so much quicker. This means:
1. Learning the proper form on exercises, this means taking the first few weeks on learning the proper way to perform them even if it is boring!
2. Not lifting with the ego. I.e not lifting more weights than you can handle.
3. Doing proactive work to keep injuries from happening (rotator cuff exercises).
A site where you can get some exercises are here
http://www.exrx.net/Lists/WtMale.html
Be careful though, all lifts are not performed in the proper way on that site but they give a general good indication on how they should be performed.