Ok here we go...
Yes the four main components affecting sprinting are given in that link but let's break them down:
Relative body strength:
Actually this should technically read 'relative body POWER.' Power is the speed with which you move a given weight, so it makes sense that if you move a weight faster (ie your body) then you will be faster. (doh)
To increase power you need to do the following things:
1. Increase strength - don't confuse this with an increase in size, the two don't necessarily go together, although they can. There is a point where performance actually decreases because your skeletal frame can't EFFICIENTLY support the increase in mass - even if you are sitting at 8% BF.
2. Convert to power - start some serious plyometrics (look it up on google) to increase muscle output. 2x45min sessions per week for 6-8 weeks is optimal. In the middle of the season you'll want to cut it back to 1x45min session. (unless your sport is sprinting) Concentrate primarily on 'sprinting' plyometric drills. (ie hops over cones into a 20m sprint) It's more sports specific than hopping drills alone. And remember FULL recovery after each set, which is why a plyo session can take forever. If you're getting fatigued between sets, rest longer. The goal is to increase power, not endurance.
3. Convert to speed - hit the track/field, increase your cadence (technique/leg speed) work and ramp up the sprint training. You'll find that this phase will blend into the season, at which stage your primary concern should be speed maintenance (once a week and you'll probably have a training devoted to that anyway) and skills work.
Flexibility:
Fairly simple premise - the longer your stride the faster you'll cover ground, so long as your cadence (leg speed) is still the same. Obviously hip, glute, hamstring and general leg flexibility is critical here. Shoulders too strangely enough, they are heavily involved in the sprinting action.
Body composition:
Again pretty obvious. The less body fat you carry the better, as Defranco says, you don't want any excess baggage.
Technique:
This is primarily achieved through technique drills. This increases the efficiency with which your muscles work. There are so many drills it's not funny, I find hurdle and ladder work is best. For beginners you can't beat the 'skipping' drill that is the cornerstone of all technique drills. (sorry hard to describe in words) Probably the two key things to remember when doing drills are keep your toes pointed towards the sky and visualise as little contact with the ground as possible. You're running on top of the ground not through it.
I find the best way to fit them in is instead of doing a 5-10 min warm up on the treadmill, do 15-20 mins technique drills. That way you maintain muscle efficiency all-year round.